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103.3 CPR and First Aid Skills
Preparing for certification: CPR, choking, bleeding and overdose response
Your materials
Slides (PowerPoint) Handout (Word)
For instructors
Facilitator guide Printable pre and post tests Quiz (LMS import)
What you will learn
- Name the links in the chain of survival
- Describe hands-only CPR steps, rate and depth
- Explain first steps for choking and severe bleeding
- Recognize an opioid overdose and describe how to give naloxone
Start here
If someone collapsed at your bus stop right now, what would you do in the first minute?
Lesson
Why everyone should know CPR
- 350,000 People in the U.S. die from cardiac arrest each year
- 2x-3x Immediate CPR can double or triple the chance of survival
Source: American Heart Association
The chain of survival
Six links for cardiac arrest outside the hospital:
- Recognize and call: Spot cardiac arrest and call 911.
- Early CPR: Start chest compressions right away.
- Rapid defibrillation: Use an AED (automated external defibrillator) as soon as one is there.
- Advanced care: EMS and other providers take over.
- Post-arrest care: Hospital treatment after the heart restarts.
- Recovery: Rehab, follow-up and emotional support for the survivor and family.
Hands-only CPR for an adult
- Check: Is the person unresponsive and not breathing normally?
- Call 911: Put the phone on speaker. The dispatcher can coach you.
- Hands in place: Heel of your hand on the center of the chest, other hand on top.
- Push hard and fast: 100 to 120 pushes a minute, about 2 to 2.4 inches deep.
- Keep going: Do not stop until help or an AED arrives.
Choking: when to act
Can cough, talk or breathe
- Let them keep coughing
- Stay close and watch
- Be ready to act if it gets worse
Cannot cough, talk or breathe
- Ask 'Are you choking?' and have someone call 911
- Give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades
- Give 5 abdominal thrusts above the navel
- Repeat until it comes out or they pass out
- If they pass out, call 911 and start CPR
Stop the Bleed: severe bleeding
- Stay safe: Make sure the scene is safe. Wear gloves if you have them.
- Call 911: Call or have someone call as soon as you can.
- Press hard: Push firmly on the wound with your hands.
- Add a dressing: Put a cloth or gauze on the wound and keep pressing.
- Tourniquet if trained: For an arm or leg, secure a tourniquet and note the time.
Opioid overdose: signs and response
If you are not sure, treat it like an overdose.
- Signs: Cannot wake them; slow, shallow or gurgling breathing; blue or gray lips or nails; tiny pupils.
- Give naloxone: Naloxone (Narcan) reverses opioid overdose. Give it if you have it.
- Call 911: Call right away. Naloxone wears off, and the person needs medical care.
- Stay and support: Keep them breathing, lay them on their side, and stay until help arrives.
Who gets help in the first minutes
- What we see: Someone collapses on a street in Glenville. People gather, but nobody starts CPR before the ambulance comes.
- Why it happens (upstream): CPR classes cost money and time, AEDs are rarer in disinvested areas, and some people fear calling 911.
- What we can build on (assets): Free community CPR and Stop the Bleed classes, church and rec center AEDs, naloxone distribution programs, and trained neighbors like us.
Situation: the man in the library restroom
Situation: You are leaving a library in Clark-Fulton when a staff member yells for help. A man in the restroom will not wake up. His lips are blue and he is making snoring sounds. You have naloxone in your bag.
What do you do, in order?
- Check that the scene is safe and call or have someone call 911
- Give naloxone nasal spray right away
- If he is not breathing normally, start CPR
- Stay with him until EMS arrives; report the event to your supervisor
Study sheet
The big idea: In the first minutes of an emergency, trained neighbors save lives: call 911, act fast, and stay until help arrives.
Key points
- The chain of survival starts with us: recognize, call 911, start CPR, use an AED.
- Hands-only CPR: push hard and fast in the center of the chest, 100 to 120 times a minute.
- Choking: if they cannot cough or talk, give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.
- Severe bleeding: call 911, press hard, add a dressing, and use a tourniquet if trained.
- Opioid overdose: give naloxone, call 911, keep them breathing, and stay with them.
- Ohio law protects people who give naloxone in good faith and seek emergency help.
Remember
- CPR rate: 100 to 120 compressions a minute
- CPR depth for adults: about 2 to 2.4 inches
- Choking: 5 back blows, then 5 abdominal thrusts
- Naloxone nasal spray is available over the counter
Ask yourself
- Where is the nearest AED to my home, my church and my practicum site?
- What feelings come up for me when I think about responding to an emergency?
Vocabulary
| Word | What it means |
|---|---|
| Cardiac arrest | When the heart suddenly stops pumping blood. The person collapses and stops breathing normally. |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: chest compressions, and sometimes breaths, that keep blood moving until help arrives. |
| Hands-only CPR | CPR with chest compressions only, no rescue breaths. Recommended for bystanders helping an adult. |
| AED | Automated external defibrillator: a portable device that can shock the heart back into a normal rhythm. |
| Chain of survival | The steps, from calling 911 to recovery, that give a person in cardiac arrest the best chance. |
| Abdominal thrusts | Quick inward and upward pushes above the navel to force out an object blocking the airway. |
| Tourniquet | A tight band put above a bleeding wound on an arm or leg to stop severe bleeding. |
| Naloxone | A medicine, often a nasal spray called Narcan, that reverses an opioid overdose. |
| Opioid | A type of drug that includes fentanyl, heroin and some prescription pain pills. |
| Harm reduction | Practical steps that lower the dangers of drug use and keep people alive. |
Real-life situations
Collapse at the community meal
At a church community meal in Fairfax, Mr. Gordon, an older man, suddenly collapses. He does not respond and is not breathing normally.
What to do
- Shout for help and call 911, phone on speaker
- Send someone to get the church AED
- Start hands-only CPR right away and keep going
- Use the AED as soon as it arrives and follow its prompts
- Report the event to your supervisor and get support afterward
Why: Every minute without CPR lowers the chance of survival. Early CPR and an AED are the links bystanders control.
The child choking at a health fair
At a health fair in Lorain, a teenage girl is grabbing her throat after eating a snack. She cannot speak or cough.
What to do
- Ask 'Are you choking?' and have someone call 911
- Give 5 back blows, then 5 abdominal thrusts, and repeat
- If she becomes unresponsive, lower her to the ground and start CPR
- Stay with her until EMS arrives, then document and report
Why: A person who cannot cough or speak has a blocked airway and needs help in seconds.
The client's son uses opioids
During a home visit in Slavic Village, Ms. Kowalski tells you her adult son uses opioids. She is scared she will find him not breathing.
What to do
- Listen without judgment and thank her for trusting you
- Teach her the signs of overdose and the steps: naloxone, 911, stay
- Help her get naloxone from a pharmacy or local distribution program
- Offer treatment and support resources for her son and for her, through the ADAMHS Board
- Document the visit and tell your supervisor
Why: Naloxone in the home saves lives. Families who are ready, and connected to support, have more options.
Activity: Skills stations and AED map
About 40 minutes.
- Rotate through three lab stations: hands-only CPR on a manikin, choking response, and bleeding control with pressure and dressing.
- At each station, practice the skill, get feedback from a partner, then try again.
- Practice the naloxone nasal spray steps with a training device.
- After lab, find and list where the AEDs are in three places you go often, such as a church, school or rec center.
- Post your AED list in the course discussion so we build a shared map.
Post-test
Ten questions. You need 75% to pass, with one retake. Your result is saved in this browser.
Sources
- American Heart Association, What is CPR?
- University of Washington, Learn CPR: Hands-Only CPR
- Mayo Clinic, Choking: First aid
- American College of Emergency Physicians, Choking and the Heimlich maneuver
- Seattle Office of Emergency Management, Stop the Bleed
- CDC, What to Do If You Think Someone Is Overdosing
- FDA, FDA Approves First Over-the-Counter Naloxone Nasal Spray
- Ohio Revised Code 2925.61, Naloxone immunity (effective December 16, 2020)
- Ohio Administrative Code 4723-26-13, Standard curriculum
- UPMC Minutes Matter, Stop the Bleed
- American Red Cross, What Is Naloxone and How Does It Reverse an Opioid Overdose?
- American Heart Association, Opioid-Associated Emergency for Lay Responders Algorithm
- FDA, Automated External Defibrillators (consumer update)